GENDER, JENIS OLAHRAGA, DAN CITRA TUBUH: ANALISIS RELASIONAL DALAM KONTEKS PENDIDIKAN JASMANI
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Jan 30, 2021
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Abstract
Citra Tubuh dalam Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga, dan Kesehatan (PJOK) memiliki makna yang sangat berarti dalam mengawal perkembangan kepribadian siswa. Gender sebagai salah satu faktor yang diduga berpengaruh dalam pembentukan citra tubuh diteliti hubungannya dengan tipe olahraga yang dipilih oleh siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis relasi antara gender, jenis olahraga, dan citra tubuh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang tergolong dalam penelitian korelasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 40 Surabaya pada periode 2019/2020. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 60 siswa, terdiri dari 50% laki-laki dan 50% perempuan yang dipilih menggunakan teknik accidental sampling dikombinasi dengan teknik quota sampling. Instumen yang digunakan adalah angket Multidimensional Body-Self Relation Questionere dan Bem Sex Role Inventory. Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier ganda dan korelasi ganda dengan program statistik SPSS versi windows 25.00. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa gender dan jenis olahraga berpengaruh positip terhadap citra tubuh dengan nilai F hitung sebesar 3,794 pada signifikansi 0,028. Tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan antara gender dan jenis olahraga dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,144 pada p-value >0,05. Ada korelasi positip antara jenis kelamin dan jenis olahraga. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa gender dan jenis olahraga berpengaruh positif terhadap citra tubuh. Gender tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap jenis olahraga, sedangkan jenis kelamin berpengaruh terhadap jenis olahraga.
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[1]
A. ., A. Maksum, and A. Tuasikal, “GENDER, JENIS OLAHRAGA, DAN CITRA TUBUH: ANALISIS RELASIONAL DALAM KONTEKS PENDIDIKAN JASMANI”, JURNAL EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 246, Jan. 2021.
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References
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Oattes, C., & Radice, M. (2015). Competing Against Streotypes The Female Athlete Experience .
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Schmalz, D., & Davison, K. K. (2012). Differences in Physical self-concept among Pre-Adolescents Who Participate in Genddr-Typed and Cross-Gendered Sports. Journal of Sport Behavior, 335-353.
Slater, A., & Tiggemann, M. (2011). Gender differences in adolescent sport participation, teasing, self-objectification and body image concerns. Journal of Adolescence. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.06.007
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Soemanto, W. (2006). Psikologi Pendidikan (Landasan Kerja Pemimpin Pendidikan). Rineka Cipta.
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Suryabrata, S. (1995). Psikologi Pendidikan (P.T Raja Grafindo Persada (ed.)).
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Zander, L., Kreutzmann, M., West, S. G., Mettke, E., & Hannover, B. (2014). How school-based dancing classes change affective and collaborative networks of adolescents. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.04.004
Bem, S. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological Review. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.88.4.354
Bevans, K., Fitzpatrick, L. A., Sanchez, B., & Forrest, C. B. (2010). Individual and instructional determinants of student engagement in physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.29.4.399
Brebante, Z. R. T., & Cagas, J. Y. (2015). Body image, body mass index and the experience of Hiya in physical education among Filipino female university students. Asia Life Sciences.
Brooks, W. D., & Emmert, P. (1976). Interpersonal Community. Brown Company Publisher.
Bucher, C. (1995). Foundation of Physical Education and Sport. Mosby Compony.
Calhoun, J. (1990). Psychology of Adjusment and Human Relationships. Mc Graw-Hill.
Cash, T. F. (2012). Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance. In Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2010-1-66177-9
Cattarin, J. A., Thompson, J. K., Thomas, C., & Williams, R. (2000). Body image, mood, and televised images of attractiveness: The role of social comparison. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2000.19.2.220
Chase, M. . (2001). Identitiy Development and Body Image Dissatisfaction in College Female. Research. The University of Wisconsin: Stout. http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2001/2001chasem.pdf
Cogérino, G. (2016). Éducation physique et sportive, santé et activités physiques : difficiles conjonctions. TT - [Physical education, health and physical activities: difficult relationships]. Sante Publique.
Cox, A. E., Ullrich-French, S., Howe, H. S., & Cole, A. N. (2017). A pilot yoga physical education curriculum to promote positive body image. Body Image. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.07.007
Cynarski, W. J., Sieber, L., Kudłacz, M., & Telesz, P. (2015). A way to mastery. Mastery in martial arts. Ido Movement for Culture. https://doi.org/10.14589/ido.15.1.3
Davison, T. E., & McCabe, M. P. (2006). Adolescent body image and psychosocial functioning. Journal of Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.146.1.15-30
Demorest, R. A., Koutures, C., LaBella, C. R., Brooks, M. A., Diamond, A., Hennrikus, W., LaBotz, M., Logan, K., Loud, K. J., Moffatt, K. A., Nemeth, B., Pengel, B., Peterson, A., Brenner, J. S., Kelly, A. K. W., Gregory, A. J. M., Halstead, M. E., Bernhardt, D., Jayanthi, N. A., … Emanuel, A. (2016). Youth participation and injury risk in martial arts. Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-3022
Djamarah, S. (1990). Guru dan Anak Didik dalam Interaksi Educatif. Rineka Cipta.
Giuliano, T. T. (2010). Gender and the Selection of Public Athletic Role Models. Journal of Sport Behavior, 161-199.
Hurlock, E. B. (1991). Psikologi Perkembangan Suatu Pendekatan Sepanjang Rentang Kehidupan. Erlangga.
Irianita, J. W. (2007). Body Image Mahasiswa yang Menggunakan Tato. Jurnal. Universitas Brawijaya: Malang.Universitas Brawijaya.
Kayihan, G. (2014). Comparison of physical fitness levels of adolescents according to sports participation: Martial arts, team sports and non-sports. Archives of Budo.
Kennedy, A. K., Ramseyer Winter, V., & Corbin, M. M. (2019). Physical Education Class and Body Image Perception: Are They Related? The Physical Educator. https://doi.org/10.18666/tpe-2019-v76-i2-8766
Kiram, P. H. (2019). Belajar Keterampilan Motori. Prenadamedia Group.
Maksum, A. (2018a). Metodologi Penelitian dalam Olahraga. Unesa University Press.
Maksum, A. (2018b). Statistika dalam Olahraga. Surabaya: Unesa University Press.
Mardotillah, M., & Zein, D. M. (2017). SILAT : IDENTITAS BUDAYA, PENDIDIKAN, SENI BELA DIRI, PEMELIHARAAN KESEHATAN. Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya. https://doi.org/10.25077/jantro.v18i2.62
MOr, S. (2017). Visi Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga. In Setiyawan) Jurnal Ilmiah PENJAS.
Mulyanto, R. (2014). Belajar dan Pembelajaran Penjas. UPI.
Muthohir, T. (1996). Pendidikan jasmani dan kesehatan. Depdikbud.
Naves Bittencourt, W., Mendonça de Sousa, A., Stults-Kolehmainen, M., Fontes, E., Córdova, C., Demarzo, M., & Boullosa Álvarez, D. (2015). Martial arts: mindful exercise to combat stress. European Journal of Human Movement.
Oattes, C., & Radice, M. (2015). Competing Against Streotypes The Female Athlete Experience .
Onstantinou, P. M. (2009). Female Students' Perceptions AboutGender-Role Stereotypes and Their Influence on Attitude Toward Physical Education.. Physical Educator, 85-97.
Papalia, D. E. (2015). Human Development (Psikologi Perkembangan). In Cetakan ke-1.
R.N. Singer. (1980). Mootor learning and human performance: An Application to Motor Skill and Movement Behaviors (3nd ed). New York. Macmillan Publishing.
Rakhmat, J. (2007). Psikologi Komunikasi. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Reishehrei, A. P., Reishehrei, A. pouladei, & Soleimani, E. (2014). A Comparison Study of Self Concept and Self Efficacy in Martial Arts and non Martial Arts Athletics in Iran. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1067
Rosdiani, D. (2016). Model Pembelajaran Langsung dalam Pendidikan Jasmani dan Kesehatan. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling.
Rosen, J. C., & Reiter, J. (1996). Development of the body dysmorphic disorder examination. Behaviour Research and Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(96)00024-1
Schmalz, D., & Davison, K. K. (2012). Differences in Physical self-concept among Pre-Adolescents Who Participate in Genddr-Typed and Cross-Gendered Sports. Journal of Sport Behavior, 335-353.
Slater, A., & Tiggemann, M. (2011). Gender differences in adolescent sport participation, teasing, self-objectification and body image concerns. Journal of Adolescence. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.06.007
Sobur, A. (2003). Psikologi Umum Dalam Lintas Sejarah. Pustaka Setia.
Soemanto, W. (2006). Psikologi Pendidikan (Landasan Kerja Pemimpin Pendidikan). Rineka Cipta.
Sunaryo. (2004). Psikologi Untuk Keperawatan. EGC.
Suryabrata, S. (1995). Psikologi Pendidikan (P.T Raja Grafindo Persada (ed.)).
Sutirman, S. (2015). Komunikasi Efektif dalam Pembelajaran. EFISIENSI - KAJIAN ILMU ADMINISTRASI. https://doi.org/10.21831/efisiensi.v6i2.3857
Vocks, S., Hechler, T., Rohrig, S., & Legenbauer, T. (2009). Effects of a physical exercise session on state body image: The influence of pre-experimental body dissatisfaction and concerns about weight and shape. Psychology and Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440801998988
Zander, L., Kreutzmann, M., West, S. G., Mettke, E., & Hannover, B. (2014). How school-based dancing classes change affective and collaborative networks of adolescents. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.04.004