DISKURSUS KEBIJAKAN KEPEMUDAANDALAM PERSPEKTIF BEHAVIORALISME DAN NEO-INSTITUSIONALISME (Pendahuluan Studi Pelayanan Kepemudaan di Kabupaten Cianjur)
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Sep 7, 2022
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Bahwa kesenjangan terbuka antara tujuan dari pelayanan kepemudaan dalam kerangka kebijakan kepemudaan dan pencapaian kebijakan dengan kualitas Indeks Pembangunan Pemuda Kabupaten Cianjur yang termasuk dalam kualifikasi rendah, di masa depan secara hipotetik akan menjadi masalah kepemudaan yang kompleks dan krusial. Berdasarkan regularitas dari trajektori perubahan Indeks pembangunan Pemuda Indonesia (IPPI) tahun 2015 sampai 2018 dan penerapan persamaan regresi linier bahwa IPPI tahun 2030 hanya berkisar 54,30%. Bahwa proyeksi kualitas IPPI yang masih rendah akan menjadi masalah mengerikan ketika terjadi dalam tahapan kulminasi dari bonus demografis, karena terdapat probabilitas menghadirkan beban ketergantungan yang lebih tinggi dan menjadi anteseden rasional dari kriminalitas, masalah dalam hubungan keluarga bahkan ingsutan kepercayaan. Dalam perspektif Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan bahwa masalah implementasi kebijakan kepemudaan tersebut dapat ditangani dengan memperkuat jalinan modal sosial sebagai fenomena sosial-politik yang akan dieksplorasi lebih utuh melalui pendekatan behavioralisme dan neo-institusionalisme. Bahwa hasil penyelidikan dari 25 artikel dan 39 referensi lain dengan reputasi kredibel dalam skala internasional menunjukan bahwa kualitas implementasi kebijakan kepemudaan di daerah Kabupaten Cianjur dalam perspektif behavioralisme akan ditentukan oleh bentuk responsivitas kalangan pemuda terkait kerangka kebijakan sendiri. Di pihak lain, kualitas implementasi kebijakan tersebut akan bergantung pada kemampuan dari institusi dalam memberikan constraints dan guidelines terhadap perilaku implementor kebijakan dalam arena tindakan berbasis kolektivitas sebagai konsensus bersama.
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M. A. Lukmanul Hakim, C. Darmawan, and L. Anggraeni, “DISKURSUS KEBIJAKAN KEPEMUDAANDALAM PERSPEKTIF BEHAVIORALISME DAN NEO-INSTITUSIONALISME (Pendahuluan Studi Pelayanan Kepemudaan di Kabupaten Cianjur)”, JURNAL EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 684-693, Sep. 2022.
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References
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Fahmy, E. (2006). Social Capital and Civic Action. Young, 14(2), 101–118. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1103308806062736.
Fawcett, P., & Daugbjerg, C. (2012). Explaining Governance Outcomes: Epistemology, Network Governance and Policy Network Analysis. Political Studies Review, 10(2), 195–207. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-9302.2012.00257.x.
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Gil-Garcia, J. R., Pardo, T. A., & Luna-Reyes, L. F. (2017). Policy Analytics: Definitions, Components, Methods, and Illustrative Examples. Policy Analytics, Modelling, and Informatics, 1–16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61762-6_1.
Gopalan, M., & Pirog, M. A. (2017). Applying Behavioral Insights in Policy Analysis: Recent Trends in the United States. Policy Studies Journal, 45(S1), S82–S114. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12202.
Hamirul, H., & Pratiwi, W. (2020). Inovasi dalam Pelayanan Publik. Bandung: Pena Persada.
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Linstone, Harold A., & Torrof Murray. (2002). The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications. New York: Addison-Wesley.
March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1983). The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life. American Political Science Review, 78(03), 734–749. https://doi.org/10.2307/1961840.
March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (2005). Elaborating the “New Institutionalism”. Dalam R. A. W Rhodes & B. Rockman (Penyunting), The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199604456.013.0008.
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Muhaemin, N. M. (2021). Bonus Demografi Jawa Barat dan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah: Sudah Siapkah Jawa Barat?. Jurnal Academia Praja, 4(1), 201-222. https://doi.org/10.36859/jap.v4i1.269.
Ostrom, Elinor. (2010). Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems. American Economic Review, 100 (3): 641-72.
Ostrom, Elinor. (2011). Background on the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework. Policy Studies Journal, 39(1), 7–27. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2010.00394.x.
Ostrom, Elinor. (2015). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Peraturan Bupati Cianjur Nomor 63 Tahun 2016 tentang Tugas dan Fungsi serta Tata Kerja Unit Organisasi di Lingkungan Dinas Pariwisata Kepemudaan dan Olahraga.
Peraturan Menteri Sosial Nomor 25 Tahun 2019 tentang Karang Taruna.
Peraturan Pemerintah No. 41 tahun 2011 tentang Pengembangan Kewirausahaan dan Kepeloporan Pemuda serta serta Penyediaan Prasarana dan Sarana Kepemudaan.
Peraturan Pemerintah No. 60 tahun 2013 tentang Sususnan Organisasi, Personalia dan Mekanisme Kerja Lemba Permodalan Kewirausahaan Pemuda.
Peraturan Presiden No. 66 tahun 2017 tentang Koordinasi Strategis Lintas Sektor Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Kepemudaan.
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Sabatier, P. A., & Weible, Christopher M. (2007). Adcocacy Cialition Framework: Innovations and Clarifications. Dalam Paul A. Sabatier (Penyunting), Theories of the Policy Process. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367274689.
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Schlager, E., & Blomquist, W. (1996). A Comparison of Three Emerging Theories of the Policy Process. Political Research Quarterly, 49(3), 651–672. https://doi.org/10.1177/106591299604900311.
Senge, K. (2013). The “New Institutionalism” in Organization Theory: Bringing Society and Culture Back In. The American Sociologist, 44(1), 76–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12108-012-9170-5..
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Smith, K.A. (2021). An Unequal Surge? UK Youth Participation in Political Organisations and the Role of Gender Inequalities. Dalam Giugni M., & Grasso M (Penyunting), Youth and Politics in Times of Increasing Inequalities. Palgrave Studies in Young People and Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63676-0_7.
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Turroff, Murray. (2002). The Policy Delphi. Dalam Harold A. Linstone., & Murray Turoff (Penyunting), The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications. New York: Addison-Wesley.
Tyler, T. (2013). The Psychology of Cooperation: Implications for Public Policy. Dalam E. Shafir (Penyunting), The Behavioral Foundations of Public Policy (pp. 77–90). Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv550cbm.10.
Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2010 tentang Gerakan Pramuka.
Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 217 tentang Penetapan Perpu Nomor 2 Tahun 2017 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2013 tentang Ormas Menjadi Undang-Undang.
Undang-Undang Nomor 17 tahun 2013 tentang Ormas.
Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepemudaan.
Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa
Weible, C. M., & Sabatier, P. A. (2007). A Guide to the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Dalam Frank Fischer., Gerald J. Miller., & Mara S. Sidney (Penyunting), Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics, and Methods. London: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.
Winataputra, U. S. (2001). Jatidiri Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Sebagai Wahana Sistemik Pendidikan Demokrasi: Suatu Kajian Konseptual dalam Konteks Pendidikan IPS. (Disertasi). Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung. Diakses dari http://repository.upi.edu/id/eprint/55891.
Winkler, M. (2021). The Nature of Youth. Or: On the Assumed Disappearance of Youth in the Present Society. Dalam Knapp G., & Krall H (Penyunting), Youth Cultures in a Globalized World. Springer, Cham. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65177-0_5.
Zhang, W., & Chia, S. C. (2006). The Effects of Mass Media Use and Social Capital on Civic and Political Participation. Communication Studies, 57(3), 277–297. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10510970600666974.
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Algan, Y., Cahuc, P., & Shleifer, A. (2013). Teaching Practices and Social Capital. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 5(3), 189–210. doi:10.1257/app.5.3.189.
Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Nasional. (2019). Indeks Pembangunan Pemuda Indonesia. Jakarta: Bappenas.
Clemens, E. S., & Cook, J. M. (1999). Politics and Institutionalism: Explaining Durability and Change. Annual Review of Sociology, 25(1), 441–466. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.25.1.441.
De Bruijn, H., & Heuvelhof, E. (2002). Policy Analysis and Decision Making in a Network: How to Improve the Quality of Analysis and the Impact on Decision Making. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 20(4), 232–242. https://doi.org/10.3152/147154602781766627.
Di Maggio, Paul., & Powell, Walter. (1991). The New Institutionalism In Organizational Analysis. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Fahmy, E. (2006). Social Capital and Civic Action. Young, 14(2), 101–118. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1103308806062736.
Fawcett, P., & Daugbjerg, C. (2012). Explaining Governance Outcomes: Epistemology, Network Governance and Policy Network Analysis. Political Studies Review, 10(2), 195–207. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-9302.2012.00257.x.
Galston, W. A. (2009). Political Feasibility: Interests and Power. Dalam Robert E. Goodin, Michael Moran & Martin Rein (Penyunting), Handbook of Public Policy. New York: Oxford University.
Gil-Garcia, J. R., Pardo, T. A., & Luna-Reyes, L. F. (2017). Policy Analytics: Definitions, Components, Methods, and Illustrative Examples. Policy Analytics, Modelling, and Informatics, 1–16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61762-6_1.
Gopalan, M., & Pirog, M. A. (2017). Applying Behavioral Insights in Policy Analysis: Recent Trends in the United States. Policy Studies Journal, 45(S1), S82–S114. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12202.
Hamirul, H., & Pratiwi, W. (2020). Inovasi dalam Pelayanan Publik. Bandung: Pena Persada.
Hardin, C. D., & Banaji, M. R. (2013). The Nature of Implicit Prejudice: Implications for Personal and Public Policy. Dalam E. Shafir (Penyunting), The Behavioral Foundations of Public Policy. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv550cbm.7.
Helliwell, J. F., & Putnam, R. D. (2007). Education and Social Capital. Eastern Economic Journal, 33(1).
Hoppe, R., & Peterse, A. (1993). Handling Frozen Fire. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Immergut, E. M. (2009). Institutional Constraints on Policy. Dalam Robert E. Goodin, Michael Moran & Martin Rein (Penyunting), Handbook of Public Policy. New York: Oxford University.
John, P. (2003). Is There Life After Policy Streams, Advocacy Coalitions, and Punctuations: Using Evolutionary Theory to Explain Policy Change?. Policy Studies Journal, 31(4), 481–498. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-0072.00039.
Kahne, J., Chi, B., & Middaugh, E. (2006). Building Social Capital for Civic and Political Engagement: The Potential of High-School Civics Courses. Canadian Journal of Education/Revue Canadienne de L'éducation, 387-409. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/20054169.
Kim, J.-Y. (2005). “Bowling Together” isn’t a Cure-All: The Relationship between Social Capital and Political Trust in South Korea. International Political Science Review, 26(2), 193–213. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512105050381.
Knapp, G., & Waechter N. (2021). Social Transformation of Youth and Youth Cultures in Europe: Trends, Theories and the Relevance of Youth Cultural Scenes. Dalam Knapp G., & Krall H (Penyunting), Youth Cultures in a Globalized World. Springer, Cham. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65177-0_3.
La Due Lake, R., & Huckfeldt, R. (1998). Social Capital, Social Networks, and Political Participation. Political Psychology, 19(3), 567–584. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895x.00118.
Laumann, O. Edward., & Knoke, David. (1987). The Organizational States: Social Change in National Policy Domains. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press.
Lavizzari A., Portos M. (2021). Disclosing Inequalities: Gender and Patterns of Political Participation Among the Italian Youth. Dalam Giugni M., & Grasso M (Penyunting), Youth and Politics in Times of Increasing Inequalities. Palgrave Studies in Young People and Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63676-0_4.
Linstone, Harold A., & Torrof Murray. (2002). The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications. New York: Addison-Wesley.
March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1983). The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life. American Political Science Review, 78(03), 734–749. https://doi.org/10.2307/1961840.
March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (2005). Elaborating the “New Institutionalism”. Dalam R. A. W Rhodes & B. Rockman (Penyunting), The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199604456.013.0008.
March, J. G., & Smith, M. (2000). Understanding Policy Networks: Towards a Dialectical Approach. Political Studies, 48(1), 4–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00247.
Mikkelsen, M. (2006). Policy Network Analysis as a Strategic Tool for the Voluntary Sector1. Policy Studies, 27(1), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442870500499868.
Muhaemin, N. M. (2021). Bonus Demografi Jawa Barat dan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah: Sudah Siapkah Jawa Barat?. Jurnal Academia Praja, 4(1), 201-222. https://doi.org/10.36859/jap.v4i1.269.
Ostrom, Elinor. (2010). Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems. American Economic Review, 100 (3): 641-72.
Ostrom, Elinor. (2011). Background on the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework. Policy Studies Journal, 39(1), 7–27. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2010.00394.x.
Ostrom, Elinor. (2015). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Peraturan Bupati Cianjur Nomor 63 Tahun 2016 tentang Tugas dan Fungsi serta Tata Kerja Unit Organisasi di Lingkungan Dinas Pariwisata Kepemudaan dan Olahraga.
Peraturan Menteri Sosial Nomor 25 Tahun 2019 tentang Karang Taruna.
Peraturan Pemerintah No. 41 tahun 2011 tentang Pengembangan Kewirausahaan dan Kepeloporan Pemuda serta serta Penyediaan Prasarana dan Sarana Kepemudaan.
Peraturan Pemerintah No. 60 tahun 2013 tentang Sususnan Organisasi, Personalia dan Mekanisme Kerja Lemba Permodalan Kewirausahaan Pemuda.
Peraturan Presiden No. 66 tahun 2017 tentang Koordinasi Strategis Lintas Sektor Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Kepemudaan.
Peters, B. Guy. (1979). Comparative Politics, Theory and Methodology. Perspective, 8(1), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/00483494.1979.10740463.
Peters, B. Guy. (2012). Institutional Theory in Political Science: The New Institustionalism (Third Edition). New York: The Continum International Publishing Group.
Purwanto, E. Agus & Sulistyastuti, D. Ratih. (2015). Implementasi Kebijakan Publik: Konsep dan Aplikasinya di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Gava Media.
Putra, Fadillah., & Sanusi, A. (2019). Analisis Kebijakan Publik Neo-Institusionalisme: Teori dan Praktik. Depok: Pustaka PL3ES.
Quiggin, J. (2009). Economic Constraints on Public Policy. Dalam Robert E. Goodin, Michael Moran & Martin Rein (Penyunting), Handbook of Public Policy. New York: Oxford University.
Sabatier, P. A., & Jenkins-Smith, H. (1993). Policy Change and Learning: An Advocacy Coalition Approach. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Sabatier, P. A., & Jenkins-Smith, H. (1999). The Advocacy Coalition Framework: An assessment. Dalam P. Sabatier (Penyunting), Theories of the Policy Process. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Sabatier, P. A., & Weible, Christopher M. (2007). Adcocacy Cialition Framework: Innovations and Clarifications. Dalam Paul A. Sabatier (Penyunting), Theories of the Policy Process. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367274689.
Schlager, E. (1995). Policy Making and Collective Action: Defining Coalitions Within the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Policy Sciences, 28(3), 243–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01000289.
Schlager, E., & Blomquist, W. (1996). A Comparison of Three Emerging Theories of the Policy Process. Political Research Quarterly, 49(3), 651–672. https://doi.org/10.1177/106591299604900311.
Senge, K. (2013). The “New Institutionalism” in Organization Theory: Bringing Society and Culture Back In. The American Sociologist, 44(1), 76–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12108-012-9170-5..
Sewell, W. H. (1992). A Theory of Structure: Duality, Agency, and Transformation. American Journal of Sociology, 98(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1086/229967.
Skocpol, T. (1996). Clinton's Health Security Effort and the Turn Against Government in U. S. Politics. New York: W. W. Norton.
Smith, K.A. (2021). An Unequal Surge? UK Youth Participation in Political Organisations and the Role of Gender Inequalities. Dalam Giugni M., & Grasso M (Penyunting), Youth and Politics in Times of Increasing Inequalities. Palgrave Studies in Young People and Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63676-0_7.
Thelen, K. (1999). Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics. Annual Review of Political Science, 2(1), 369-404. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.2.1.369.
Turroff, Murray. (2002). The Policy Delphi. Dalam Harold A. Linstone., & Murray Turoff (Penyunting), The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications. New York: Addison-Wesley.
Tyler, T. (2013). The Psychology of Cooperation: Implications for Public Policy. Dalam E. Shafir (Penyunting), The Behavioral Foundations of Public Policy (pp. 77–90). Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv550cbm.10.
Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2010 tentang Gerakan Pramuka.
Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 217 tentang Penetapan Perpu Nomor 2 Tahun 2017 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2013 tentang Ormas Menjadi Undang-Undang.
Undang-Undang Nomor 17 tahun 2013 tentang Ormas.
Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepemudaan.
Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa
Weible, C. M., & Sabatier, P. A. (2007). A Guide to the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Dalam Frank Fischer., Gerald J. Miller., & Mara S. Sidney (Penyunting), Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics, and Methods. London: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.
Winataputra, U. S. (2001). Jatidiri Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Sebagai Wahana Sistemik Pendidikan Demokrasi: Suatu Kajian Konseptual dalam Konteks Pendidikan IPS. (Disertasi). Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung. Diakses dari http://repository.upi.edu/id/eprint/55891.
Winkler, M. (2021). The Nature of Youth. Or: On the Assumed Disappearance of Youth in the Present Society. Dalam Knapp G., & Krall H (Penyunting), Youth Cultures in a Globalized World. Springer, Cham. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65177-0_5.
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