MENYINGKAP KEBEKUAN ADVOCACY COALITION FRAMEWORK DARI INSTITUSI KEPEMUDAAN DI KABUPATEN CIANJUR DALAM MEMBANGUN SKEMA EKSKLUSIVITAS PELAYANAN
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Dec 31, 2022
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Penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis metode Advocacy Coalition Framework ini bertujuan untuk melaksanakan analisis terkait hambatan behavioral dalam pembentukan critical junctures sebagai titik keseimbangan antara perubahan lingkungan strategis dan reformulasi dari pelayanan kepemudaan melalui pemetaan variabel parameter relatif stabil, subsistem kebijakan bahkan perubahan keyakinan dan kebijakan. Adapun sejumlah hasil dari penelitian ini mencerminkan bahwa: (1) bahwa parameter relatif stabil secara substantif tidak mempengaruhi mobilisasi dari sumber daya, penentuan mekanisme perubahan dan pencapaian keputusan berbasis kolektivitas dan tampilan preferensi khusus pihak yang terlibat berkaitan pelayanan kepemudaan dengan karakteristik masalah yang ada. (2) Pada subsistem kebijakan pemerintah, keberadaan model individual sebagai dasar keyakinan dari intermediasi kepentingan, kelompok spesifik koalisi advokasi transformasi kebijakan, perantara kebijakan dan mobilisasi sumber daya oleh kelompok tersebut tidak dapat kembali diverifikasi, sekalipun tempat potensial jelas hanya terbatas pada sektor pemerintah. (3) Jalinan kepercayaan yang muncul melalui abstraksi persamaan keyakinan antara implementor kebijakan, juga tidak pernah diaktualisasikan dalam kerangka koalisi advokasi transformasi kebijakan, sehingga klaim jalinan demikian tidak dipandang sebagai atribut komunitas. (4) Mekanisme perubahan kebijakan seperti guncangan eksternal, kebuntuan kebijakan dan akumulasi bukti empirik, ternyata tidak berhasil untuk membentuk titik sentral keseimbangan antara perubahan lingkungan strategis dan reformulasi dari pelayanan kepemudaan. Sebagai implikasi, penelitian ini telah memberikan tumpuan teoritis untuk analisis kebijakan dalam perspektif behavioral termasuk dalam mengantisipasi hambatan pembentukan kelompok koalisi advokasi transformasi kebijakan kepemudaan di masa mendatang.
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M. A. Hakim, C. Darmawan, and L. Anggraeni, “MENYINGKAP KEBEKUAN ADVOCACY COALITION FRAMEWORK DARI INSTITUSI KEPEMUDAAN DI KABUPATEN CIANJUR DALAM MEMBANGUN SKEMA EKSKLUSIVITAS PELAYANAN”, JURNAL EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 366-383, Dec. 2022.
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References
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Coleman, W.D. & Perl, A. (1999). Internationalized Policy Environments and Policy Network Analysis. Political Studies, 47(4), 691–709. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00225.
Dela Santa, E. (2013). The Politics of Implementing Philippine Tourism Policy: A Policy Network and Advocacy Coalition Framework Approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 18(8), 913–933. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2012.717958.
Dela Santa, E. (2017). Fiscal Incentives for Tourism Development in the Philippines: A Case Study from Policy Networks and Advocacy Coalition Framework. Tourism Planning & Development,15(6), 615-632. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2017.1360935.
Doggan, M. (1975). The Mandarins of Western Europe. New York: Wiley.
Eisner, M.A. (1993). Regulatory Politics in Transition. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Elliott, C. & Schlaepfer, R. (2001). The Advocacy Coalition Framework: Application to the Policy Process for the Development of Forest Certification in Sweden. Journal Of European Public Policy, 8(4), 642–661. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760110064438.
Fawcett, P. & Daugbjerg, C. (2012). Explaining Governance Outcomes: Epistemology, Network Governance and Policy Network Analysis. Political Studies Review, 10(2), 195–207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-9302.2012.00257.x.
Fukuyama, F. (2010). Trust: Kebajikan Sosial dan Penciptaan Kemakmuran. Terj. Ruslani. Yogyakarta: CV. Qalam.
Gil-Garcia, J.R., Pardo, T.A., & Luna-Reyes, L.F. (2017). Policy Analytics: Definitions, Components, Methods, and Illustrative Examples. Policy Analytics, Modelling, and Informatics, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61762-6_1.
Gopalan, M., & Pirog, M. A. (2017). Applying Behavioral Insights in Policy Analysis: Recent Trends in the United States. Policy Studies Journal, 45(S1), S82–S114. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12202.
Hakim, M.A.L. (2022). Transformasi Kebijakan Kepemudaan dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan: Antara Prosedur, Implementasi dan Evaluasi Kebijakan (Studi Pelayanan Kepemudaan di Kabupaten Cianjur) (Tesis). Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Diakses dari http://repository.upi.edu/id/eprint/81183.
Hakim, M.A.L., Darmawan, C., & Anggraeni, L. (2022). Diskursus Kebijakan Kepemudaandalam Perspektif Behavioralisme dan Neo-Institusionalisme (Pendahuluan Studi Pelayanan Kepemudaan di Kabupaten Cianjur). Jurnal Education and Development, 10(3), 684-693. https://doi.org/10.37081/ed.v10i3.3733.
Henry, A.D. Dkk. (2014). Policy Change in Comparative Contexts: Applying the Advocacy Coalition Framework Outside of Western Europe and North America. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 16(4), 299–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2014.941200.
Hoppe, R. & Peterse, A. (1993). Handling Frozen Fire. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Hysing, E., & Olsson, J. (2008). Contextualising the Advocacy Coalition Framework: Theorising Change in Swedish Forest Policy. Environmental Politics, 17(5), 730–748. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644010802421471.
Jang, S., Weible, C.M., & Park, K. (2016). Policy Processes in South Korea Through the Lens of the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Journal Of Asian Public Policy, 9(3), 274–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2016.1201877.
Johns, P. (2003). Is there life after policy streams, advocacy coalitions, and punctuations: Using evolutionary theory to explain policy change?. Policy Studies Journal, 31(4), 481–498. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-0072.00039.
Ketetapan Kongres No. 06/Kongres-XIV/Pemuda-KNPI/2015 tentang Anggaran Dasar dan Anggaran Rumah Tangga KNPI.
Kim, J. & Roh, C.-Y. (2008). Beyond the Advocacy Coalition Framework in Policy Process. International Journal of Public Administration, 31(6), 668–689. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900690701465384.
Kübler, D. (2001). Understanding Policy Change with the Advocacy Coalition Framework: An Application to Swiss Drug Policy. Journal of European Public Policy, 8(4), 623–641. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760110064429.
Luxon, E.M. (2017). What Do Advocates Know About Policymaking? Revealing Process in the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Journal Of European Public Policy, 26(1), 106-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1400088.
Mawhinney, H.B. (1991). “Policy Change In Education: An Assessment of Sabatier’s Advocacy Coalition Framework”. Dalam Conference Theory into Practice: Policy Research and Development. Canada: University of Calgary.
Moyson, S. (2017). Cognition and Policy Change: the Consistency of Policy Learning in the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Policy and Society, 36(2), 320–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2017.1322259.
Munro, J. (1993). California Water Politics: Explaining Policy Change in a Cognitively Polarized Subsystem. Dalam P.A. Sabatier & H. Jenkins-Smith (Penyunting), Policy Change and Learning. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Park, K. & Weible, C. M. (2017). Developing Policy Theories in South Korea: Lessons from the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 11(2), 136–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2017.1412904.
Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Cianjur No. 10 Tahun 2020 tentang Penerapan Tiga Pilar Budaya Cianjur.
Peraturan Menteri Sosial No. 25 Tahun 2019 tentang Karang Taruna.
Pierce, J.J. dkk. (2020). Common Approaches for Studying Advocacy: Review Of Methods and Model Practices of the Advocacy Coalition Framework. The Social Science Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2019.06.005.
Putra, F. & Sanusi, A. (2019). Analisis Kebijakan Publik Neo-Institusionalisme: Teori dan Praktik. Depok: Pustaka PL3ES.
Sabatier, P.A, (1998). The Advocacy Coalition Framework: Revisions and Relevance for Europe. Journal of European Public Policy, 5(1), 98–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501768880000051.
Sabatier, P.A. & Jenkins-Smith, H. (1988). An Advocacy Coalition Framework of Policy Change and the Role of Policy-Oriented Learning Therein. Policy Sciences, 21(2-3), 129–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00136406.
Sabatier, P.A. & Jenkins-Smith, H. (1988). An Advocacy Coalition Framework of Policy Change and the Role of Policy-Oriented Learning Therein. Policy Sciences, 21(2-3), 129–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00136406.
Sabatier, P.A. & Jenkins-Smith, H. (1993). Policy Change and Learning: An Advocacy Coalition Approach. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Sabatier, P.A. & Jenkins-Smith, H. (1999). The Advocacy Coalition Framework: An assessment. Dalam P. Sabatier (Penyunting), Theories of the Policy Process. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Sabatier, P.A. & Pelkey, N. (1987). Incorporating Multiple Actors and Guidance Instruments into Models of Regulatory Policymaking: An Advocacy Coalition Framework. Administration & Society, 19(2), 236–263. https://doi.org/10.1177/009539978701900205.
Sabatier, P.A. & Weible, C.M. (2007). Adcocacy Cialition Framework: Innovations and Clarifications. Dalam Paul A. Sabatier (Penyunting), Theories of the Policy Process (hlm. 189-210). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367274689.
Sabatier, P.A. (1987). Knowledge, Policy-Oriented Learning, and Policy Change: An Advocacy Coalition Framework. Knowledge, 8(4), 649–692. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164025987008004005.
Schlager, E. (1995). Policy Making and Collective Action: Defining Coalitions Within the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Policy Sciences, 28(3), 243–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01000289.
Schlager, E., & Blomquist, W. (1996). A Comparison of Three Emerging Theories of the Policy Process. Political Research Quarterly, 49(3), 651–672. https://doi.org/10.1177/106591299604900311.
Shin, G. (2018). The Changing U.S. Immigration Policy on the Nexus of Security and Economy: Extending Visa-Waiver Program and Advocacy-Coalition Framework. International Journal of Public Administration, 42(10), 855-866. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2018.1522333.
Simon, H.A. (1985). Human Nature in Politics: The Dialogue of Psychology with Political Science. American Political Science Review, 79(02), 293–304. https://doi.org/10.2307/1956650.
Undang-Undang No. 12 Tahun 2010 tentang Gerakan Pramuka.
Undang-Undang No. 16 Tahun 217 tentang Penetapan Perpu Nomor 2 Tahun 2017 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang No. 17 Tahun 2013 tentang Ormas Menjadi Undang-Undang.
Undang-Undang No. 17 Tahun 2013 tentang Ormas.
Undang-Undang No. 40 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepemudaan.
Undang-Undang No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa.
Weible, C.M. & Sabatier, P.A. (2005). Comparing Policy Networks: Marine Protected Areas in California. Policy Studies Journal, 33(2), 181–202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2005.00101.x.
Xing, K. dkk. (2015). Identity Development in Adolescence: Implications for Youth Policy and Practice. Dalam E.P. Bowers. dkk (Penyunting), Promoting Positive Youth Development: Lessons from the 4-H Study (hlm. 187-202). Clemson, South Carolina: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17166-1_10.
Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Nasional. (2019). Indeks Pembangunan Pemuda Indonesia. Jakarta: Bappenas.
Badan Pusat Statistika Kabupaten Cianjur. (2008). Kabupaten Cianjur dalam Angka 2008. Cianjur: BPS Kabupaten Cianjur.
Badan Pusat Statistika Kabupaten Cianjur. (2011). Kabupaten Cianjur dalam Angka 2011. Cianjur: BPS Kabupaten Cianjur.
Badan Pusat Statistika Kabupaten Cianjur. (2012). Kabupaten Cianjur dalam Angka 2012. Cianjur: BPS Kabupaten Cianjur.
Badan Pusat Statistika Kabupaten Cianjur. (2013). Kabupaten Cianjur dalam Angka 2013. Cianjur: BPS Kabupaten Cianjur.
Badan Pusat Statistika Kabupaten Cianjur. (2015). Kabupaten Cianjur dalam Angka 2015. Cianjur: BPS Kabupaten Cianjur.
Badan Pusat Statistika Kabupaten Cianjur. (2016). Kabupaten Cianjur dalam Angka 2016. Cianjur: BPS Kabupaten Cianjur.
Badan Pusat Statistika Kabupaten Cianjur. (2017). Kabupaten Cianjur dalam Angka 2017. Cianjur: BPS Kabupaten Cianjur.
Badan Pusat Statistika Kabupaten Cianjur. (2018). Kabupaten Cianjur dalam Angka 2018. Cianjur: BPS Kabupaten Cianjur.
Badan Pusat Statistika Kabupaten Cianjur. (2020). Kabupaten Cianjur dalam Angka 2020. Cianjur: BPS Kabupaten Cianjur.
Badan Pusat Statistika Kabupaten Cianjur. (2021). Kabupaten Cianjur dalam Angka 2021. Cianjur: BPS Kabupaten Cianjur.
Brady, D. (1988). Critical Elections and Congressional Policy Making. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Coleman, W.D. & Perl, A. (1999). Internationalized Policy Environments and Policy Network Analysis. Political Studies, 47(4), 691–709. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00225.
Dela Santa, E. (2013). The Politics of Implementing Philippine Tourism Policy: A Policy Network and Advocacy Coalition Framework Approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 18(8), 913–933. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2012.717958.
Dela Santa, E. (2017). Fiscal Incentives for Tourism Development in the Philippines: A Case Study from Policy Networks and Advocacy Coalition Framework. Tourism Planning & Development,15(6), 615-632. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2017.1360935.
Doggan, M. (1975). The Mandarins of Western Europe. New York: Wiley.
Eisner, M.A. (1993). Regulatory Politics in Transition. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Elliott, C. & Schlaepfer, R. (2001). The Advocacy Coalition Framework: Application to the Policy Process for the Development of Forest Certification in Sweden. Journal Of European Public Policy, 8(4), 642–661. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760110064438.
Fawcett, P. & Daugbjerg, C. (2012). Explaining Governance Outcomes: Epistemology, Network Governance and Policy Network Analysis. Political Studies Review, 10(2), 195–207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-9302.2012.00257.x.
Fukuyama, F. (2010). Trust: Kebajikan Sosial dan Penciptaan Kemakmuran. Terj. Ruslani. Yogyakarta: CV. Qalam.
Gil-Garcia, J.R., Pardo, T.A., & Luna-Reyes, L.F. (2017). Policy Analytics: Definitions, Components, Methods, and Illustrative Examples. Policy Analytics, Modelling, and Informatics, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61762-6_1.
Gopalan, M., & Pirog, M. A. (2017). Applying Behavioral Insights in Policy Analysis: Recent Trends in the United States. Policy Studies Journal, 45(S1), S82–S114. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12202.
Hakim, M.A.L. (2022). Transformasi Kebijakan Kepemudaan dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan: Antara Prosedur, Implementasi dan Evaluasi Kebijakan (Studi Pelayanan Kepemudaan di Kabupaten Cianjur) (Tesis). Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Diakses dari http://repository.upi.edu/id/eprint/81183.
Hakim, M.A.L., Darmawan, C., & Anggraeni, L. (2022). Diskursus Kebijakan Kepemudaandalam Perspektif Behavioralisme dan Neo-Institusionalisme (Pendahuluan Studi Pelayanan Kepemudaan di Kabupaten Cianjur). Jurnal Education and Development, 10(3), 684-693. https://doi.org/10.37081/ed.v10i3.3733.
Henry, A.D. Dkk. (2014). Policy Change in Comparative Contexts: Applying the Advocacy Coalition Framework Outside of Western Europe and North America. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 16(4), 299–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2014.941200.
Hoppe, R. & Peterse, A. (1993). Handling Frozen Fire. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Hysing, E., & Olsson, J. (2008). Contextualising the Advocacy Coalition Framework: Theorising Change in Swedish Forest Policy. Environmental Politics, 17(5), 730–748. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644010802421471.
Jang, S., Weible, C.M., & Park, K. (2016). Policy Processes in South Korea Through the Lens of the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Journal Of Asian Public Policy, 9(3), 274–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2016.1201877.
Johns, P. (2003). Is there life after policy streams, advocacy coalitions, and punctuations: Using evolutionary theory to explain policy change?. Policy Studies Journal, 31(4), 481–498. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-0072.00039.
Ketetapan Kongres No. 06/Kongres-XIV/Pemuda-KNPI/2015 tentang Anggaran Dasar dan Anggaran Rumah Tangga KNPI.
Kim, J. & Roh, C.-Y. (2008). Beyond the Advocacy Coalition Framework in Policy Process. International Journal of Public Administration, 31(6), 668–689. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900690701465384.
Kübler, D. (2001). Understanding Policy Change with the Advocacy Coalition Framework: An Application to Swiss Drug Policy. Journal of European Public Policy, 8(4), 623–641. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760110064429.
Luxon, E.M. (2017). What Do Advocates Know About Policymaking? Revealing Process in the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Journal Of European Public Policy, 26(1), 106-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1400088.
Mawhinney, H.B. (1991). “Policy Change In Education: An Assessment of Sabatier’s Advocacy Coalition Framework”. Dalam Conference Theory into Practice: Policy Research and Development. Canada: University of Calgary.
Moyson, S. (2017). Cognition and Policy Change: the Consistency of Policy Learning in the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Policy and Society, 36(2), 320–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2017.1322259.
Munro, J. (1993). California Water Politics: Explaining Policy Change in a Cognitively Polarized Subsystem. Dalam P.A. Sabatier & H. Jenkins-Smith (Penyunting), Policy Change and Learning. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Park, K. & Weible, C. M. (2017). Developing Policy Theories in South Korea: Lessons from the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 11(2), 136–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2017.1412904.
Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Cianjur No. 10 Tahun 2020 tentang Penerapan Tiga Pilar Budaya Cianjur.
Peraturan Menteri Sosial No. 25 Tahun 2019 tentang Karang Taruna.
Pierce, J.J. dkk. (2020). Common Approaches for Studying Advocacy: Review Of Methods and Model Practices of the Advocacy Coalition Framework. The Social Science Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2019.06.005.
Putra, F. & Sanusi, A. (2019). Analisis Kebijakan Publik Neo-Institusionalisme: Teori dan Praktik. Depok: Pustaka PL3ES.
Sabatier, P.A, (1998). The Advocacy Coalition Framework: Revisions and Relevance for Europe. Journal of European Public Policy, 5(1), 98–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501768880000051.
Sabatier, P.A. & Jenkins-Smith, H. (1988). An Advocacy Coalition Framework of Policy Change and the Role of Policy-Oriented Learning Therein. Policy Sciences, 21(2-3), 129–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00136406.
Sabatier, P.A. & Jenkins-Smith, H. (1988). An Advocacy Coalition Framework of Policy Change and the Role of Policy-Oriented Learning Therein. Policy Sciences, 21(2-3), 129–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00136406.
Sabatier, P.A. & Jenkins-Smith, H. (1993). Policy Change and Learning: An Advocacy Coalition Approach. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Sabatier, P.A. & Jenkins-Smith, H. (1999). The Advocacy Coalition Framework: An assessment. Dalam P. Sabatier (Penyunting), Theories of the Policy Process. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Sabatier, P.A. & Pelkey, N. (1987). Incorporating Multiple Actors and Guidance Instruments into Models of Regulatory Policymaking: An Advocacy Coalition Framework. Administration & Society, 19(2), 236–263. https://doi.org/10.1177/009539978701900205.
Sabatier, P.A. & Weible, C.M. (2007). Adcocacy Cialition Framework: Innovations and Clarifications. Dalam Paul A. Sabatier (Penyunting), Theories of the Policy Process (hlm. 189-210). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367274689.
Sabatier, P.A. (1987). Knowledge, Policy-Oriented Learning, and Policy Change: An Advocacy Coalition Framework. Knowledge, 8(4), 649–692. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164025987008004005.
Schlager, E. (1995). Policy Making and Collective Action: Defining Coalitions Within the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Policy Sciences, 28(3), 243–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01000289.
Schlager, E., & Blomquist, W. (1996). A Comparison of Three Emerging Theories of the Policy Process. Political Research Quarterly, 49(3), 651–672. https://doi.org/10.1177/106591299604900311.
Shin, G. (2018). The Changing U.S. Immigration Policy on the Nexus of Security and Economy: Extending Visa-Waiver Program and Advocacy-Coalition Framework. International Journal of Public Administration, 42(10), 855-866. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2018.1522333.
Simon, H.A. (1985). Human Nature in Politics: The Dialogue of Psychology with Political Science. American Political Science Review, 79(02), 293–304. https://doi.org/10.2307/1956650.
Undang-Undang No. 12 Tahun 2010 tentang Gerakan Pramuka.
Undang-Undang No. 16 Tahun 217 tentang Penetapan Perpu Nomor 2 Tahun 2017 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang No. 17 Tahun 2013 tentang Ormas Menjadi Undang-Undang.
Undang-Undang No. 17 Tahun 2013 tentang Ormas.
Undang-Undang No. 40 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepemudaan.
Undang-Undang No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa.
Weible, C.M. & Sabatier, P.A. (2005). Comparing Policy Networks: Marine Protected Areas in California. Policy Studies Journal, 33(2), 181–202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2005.00101.x.
Xing, K. dkk. (2015). Identity Development in Adolescence: Implications for Youth Policy and Practice. Dalam E.P. Bowers. dkk (Penyunting), Promoting Positive Youth Development: Lessons from the 4-H Study (hlm. 187-202). Clemson, South Carolina: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17166-1_10.