DAMPAK KEMARAHAN TERHADAP KESEHATAN: PENGARUH EMOSI NEGATIF PADA ORGAN TUBUH DAN CARA MENGATASINYA
Main Article Content
Abstract
Kemarahan yang tidak terkelola dapat memberikan dampak negatif yang signifikan terhadap kesehatan fisik dan mental. Emosi ini diketahui berperan dalam meningkatkan risiko gangguan kardiovaskular, pencernaan, sistem imun, serta memengaruhi sistem pernapasan, otak, dan kesehatan mental secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dampak fisiologis kemarahan terhadap berbagai sistem organ dalam tubuh dan mengidentifikasi strategi pengelolaan emosi yang efektif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tinjauan literatur sistematis terhadap studi-studi terkini yang membahas hubungan antara kemarahan dan kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemarahan kronis dapat menyebabkan peningkatan kadar hormon stres seperti kortisol dan adrenalin, yang berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan tekanan darah, peradangan kronis, serta gangguan imun yang membuat tubuh lebih rentan terhadap infeksi dan penyakit autoimun. Selain itu, kemarahan berulang juga dikaitkan dengan gangguan tidur, kelelahan mental, serta penurunan fungsi kognitif yang dapat mempercepat gangguan neurodegeneratif. Untuk mengurangi dampak negatif kemarahan, berbagai teknik pengelolaan emosi seperti terapi perilaku kognitif, meditasi, dan teknik pernapasan telah terbukti efektif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya pendekatan multidisiplin dalam mengelola kemarahan untuk menjaga keseimbangan kesehatan fisik dan mental.
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[1]
A. Isdianto, N. Al Indunissy, and N. Fitrianti, “DAMPAK KEMARAHAN TERHADAP KESEHATAN: PENGARUH EMOSI NEGATIF PADA ORGAN TUBUH DAN CARA MENGATASINYA”, JURNAL EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 66-74, May 2025.
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References
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İşcan, D. and Dal, C. (2024). The relation of cluster headache to alexithymia, depression, and anxiety. Arquivos De Neuro-Psiquiatria, 82(11), 001-005. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1791516
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Kartikasari, D., Jenie, I. M., & Primanda, Y. (2019). Latihan pernapasan diafragma meningkatkan arus puncak ekspirasi (ape) dan menurunkan frekuensi kekambuhan pasien asma. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 22(1), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v22i1.691
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Lee, H., Lo, S., Chen, B., Lin, Y., Chu, D., Cheng, T., … & Guo, Y. L. (2015). Increased night duty loading of physicians caused elevated blood pressure and sympathetic tones in a dose-dependent manner. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 89(3), 413-423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-015-1080-8
Masriana, M., Pratiwi, A. D., & Yasnani, Y. (2023). Hubungan pencemaran udara dalam rumah dengan kejadian penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ispa) pada balita di wilayah kerja puskesmas wali kecamatan binongko kabupaten wakatobi. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Universitas Halu Oleo, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.37887/jkl-uho.v4i1.43258
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Park, S. and Seo, J. (2018). Aggression and its association with suicidality in migraine patients: a case-control study. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-018-0903-x
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Qamila, B., Azhar, M., Risnah, R., & Irwan, M. (2019). Efektivitas teknik pursed lipsbreathing pada pasien penyakit paru obstruksi kronik (ppok): study systematic review. Jurnal Kesehatan, 12(2), 137. https://doi.org/10.24252/kesehatan.v12i2.10180
Şahin, İ. and Akın, B. (2023). Öfkeyi nasıl düzenleriz? i̇fade etme, problem çözme ve dikkat dağıtma stratejilerinin kullanımı. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 15(Supplement 1), 283-297. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1350188
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Slavin‐Spenny, O., Lumley, M., Thakur, E., Nevedal, D., & Hijazi, A. (2013). Effects of anger awareness and expression training versus relaxation training on headaches: a randomized trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 46(2), 181-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-013-9500-z
Tiwari, A., Elgrably, B., Saar, G., & Vandoorne, K. (2022). Multi-scale imaging of vascular pathologies in cardiovascular disease. Frontiers in Medicine, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.754369
Wan, K. P. and Savina, E. (2015). Emotion regulation strategies in european american and hong kong chinese middle school children. Contemporary School Psychology, 20(2), 152-159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-015-0059-5
Wilk, J. E., Quartana, P. J., Clarke‐Walper, K., Kok, B. C., & Riviere, L. A. (2015). Aggression in us soldiers post‐deployment: associations with combat exposure and ptsd and the moderating role of trait anger. Aggressive Behavior, 41(6), 556-565. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21595
Yamaguchi, A., Kim, M. S., Akutsu, S., & Oshio, A. (2015). Effects of anger regulation and social anxiety on perceived stress. Health Psychology Open, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102915601583
Yan, Y., Zha, D., Yan, A., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Exploring the effect of individual differences on self-efficacy in getting information. Information Development, 32(4), 1097-1108. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666915588795
Almog, I., Wallach, H., Almagor, M., Waisman, Y., & Linn, S. (2015). Mediated telemedicine vs. face-to-face medicine: efficiency in distress reduction. Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces, 9(4), 333-339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12193-015-0181-8
Asamal, V. L., Sumekar, A., & Kristiani, E. R. (2022). Hubungan paparan asap rokok dengan kejadian ispa pada balita di dusun banyumeneng gamping sleman yogyakarta. Mikki: Majalah Ilmu Keperawatan Dan Kesehatan Indonesia, 11(1), 25-34. https://doi.org/10.47317/mikki.v11i1.432
Barà, C., Pernice, R., Sparacino, L., Antonacci, Y., Javorka, M., & Faes, L. (2022). Analysis of cardiac pulse arrival time series at rest and during physiological stress.. https://doi.org/10.1109/melecon53508.2022.9842948
Barrie, D. L. L., Zegarac, M., Mekawi, Y., Kuzyk, E., Stenson, A. F., Jovanović, T., … & Powers, A. (2024). The role of specific emotion dysregulation facets in the association between child violence exposure and psychopathology.. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 16(Suppl 1), S53-S62. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001265
Bhatia, V. and Tandon, R. (2005). Stress and the gastrointestinal tract. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 20(3), 332-339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2004.03508.x
Brioso, E. K., Cristina, S. F., Costa, L., & Ouakinin, S. (2020). Correlation between emotional regulation and peripheral lymphocyte counts in colorectal cancer patients. PeerJ, 8, e9475. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9475
Brod, S., Rattazzi, L., Piras, G., & D’Acquisto, F. (2014). ‘as above, so below’ examining the interplay between emotion and the immune system. Immunology, 143(3), 311-318. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.12341
Carroll, J., Low, C. A., Prather, A. A., Cohen, S., Fury, J. M., Ross, D., … & Marsland, A. L. (2011). Negative affective responses to a speech task predict changes in interleukin (il)-6☆. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 25(2), 232-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2010.09.024
Casagrande, M., Favieri, F., Guarino, A., Pace, E. D., Langher, V., Germanò, G., … & Forte, G. (2020). The night effect of anger: relationship with nocturnal blood pressure dipping. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2705. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082705
Chida, Y. and Hamer, M. (2008). Chronic psychosocial factors and acute physiological responses to laboratory-induced stress in healthy populations: a quantitative review of 30 years of investigations.. Psychological Bulletin, 134(6), 829-885. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013342
Clark, J. A. and Fessler, D. M. T. (2014). Recontextualizing the behavioral immune system within psychoneuroimmunology.. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 8(4), 235-243. https://doi.org/10.1037/ebs0000024
Dimond, A. J., Krantz, D. S., Waters, A. J., Liew, K. S., & Gottlieb, S. S. (2021). Long-term effects of perceived stress, anxiety, and anger on hospitalizations or death and health status in heart failure patients.. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.14.21263592
Ding, X. and Qian, M. (2020). The regulation effects of anger rumination on different foci of anger. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 50(6), 368-377. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12666
Eberlein, J., Herdt, L., Malchow, J., Rittershaus, A., Baumeister, S., & Helker, C. S. (2021). Molecular and cellular mechanisms of vascular development in zebrafish. Life, 11(10), 1088. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11101088
Freydefont, L., Gendolla, G. H. E., & Silvestrini, N. (2012). Beyond valence: the differential effect of masked anger and sadness stimuli on effort‐related cardiac response. Psychophysiology, 49(5), 665-671. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01340.x
Funder, J. W. (2017). Aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptors—physiology and pathophysiology. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(5), 1032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18051032
Gamayanti, W. and Hidayat, I. N. (2019). Marah dan kualitas hidup orang yang mengalami psikosomatik. Jurnal Psikologi, 18(2), 177. https://doi.org/10.14710/jp.18.2.177-186
GITE, T. and Sharma, B. (2024). Effect of stress in the formation of ama w.s.r. to gut-brain axis. International Ayurvedic Medical Journal, 12(08), 1418-1424. https://doi.org/10.46607/iamj0212082024
Haratian, A., Amjadi, M., Ghandehari, K., Hatamian, H., Kiani, S., Habibi, M., … & Ataei, M. (2020). Emotion regulation difficulties and repetitive negative thinking in patients with tension headaches and migraine. Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 6(3), 147-155. https://doi.org/10.32598/cjns.6.22.3
Hughes, O. and Hunter, R. (2022). Understanding the experiences of anger in the onset and progression of psoriasis: a thematic analysis. Skin Health and Disease, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/ski2.111
İşcan, D. and Dal, C. (2024). The relation of cluster headache to alexithymia, depression, and anxiety. Arquivos De Neuro-Psiquiatria, 82(11), 001-005. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1791516
Jamaluddin, M. S., Weakley, S. M., Zhang, L., Kougias, P., Lin, P. H., Yao, Q., … & Chen, C. (2011). Mirnas: roles and clinical applications in vascular disease. Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 11(1), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1586/erm.10.103
Kartikasari, D., Jenie, I. M., & Primanda, Y. (2019). Latihan pernapasan diafragma meningkatkan arus puncak ekspirasi (ape) dan menurunkan frekuensi kekambuhan pasien asma. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 22(1), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v22i1.691
Krzemińska, J., Wronka, M., Młynarska, E., Franczyk, B., & Rysz, J. (2022). Arterial hypertension—oxidative stress and inflammation. Antioxidants, 11(1), 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010172
Kućmierz, J., Frąk, W., Młynarska, E., Franczyk, B., & Rysz, J. (2021). Molecular interactions of arterial hypertension in its target organs. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(18), 9669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189669
Lannon, E., Terry, E. L., Thompson, K. A., & Rhudy, J. L. (2017). Is anger management style associated with descending modulation of spinal nociception?. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 22(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/jabr.12090
Lee, H., Lo, S., Chen, B., Lin, Y., Chu, D., Cheng, T., … & Guo, Y. L. (2015). Increased night duty loading of physicians caused elevated blood pressure and sympathetic tones in a dose-dependent manner. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 89(3), 413-423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-015-1080-8
Masriana, M., Pratiwi, A. D., & Yasnani, Y. (2023). Hubungan pencemaran udara dalam rumah dengan kejadian penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ispa) pada balita di wilayah kerja puskesmas wali kecamatan binongko kabupaten wakatobi. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Universitas Halu Oleo, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.37887/jkl-uho.v4i1.43258
Mehta, J. K., Kaur, G., Buttar, H. S., Bagabir, H. A., Bagabir, R. A., Bagabir, S. A., … & Télessy, I. G. (2023). Role of the renin–angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease and heart failure: diagnostic biomarkers and therapy with drugs and natural products. Frontiers in Physiology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1034170
Mill, A., Kööts‐Ausmees, L., Allïk, J., & Realo, A. (2018). The role of co-occurring emotions and personality traits in anger expression. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00123
Park, S. and Seo, J. (2018). Aggression and its association with suicidality in migraine patients: a case-control study. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-018-0903-x
Puterman, E., Epel, E. S., O’Donovan, A., Prather, A. A., Aschbacher, K., & Dhabhar, F. S. (2013). Anger is associated with increased il-6 stress reactivity in women, but only among those low in social support. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21(6), 936-945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-013-9368-0
Qamila, B., Azhar, M., Risnah, R., & Irwan, M. (2019). Efektivitas teknik pursed lipsbreathing pada pasien penyakit paru obstruksi kronik (ppok): study systematic review. Jurnal Kesehatan, 12(2), 137. https://doi.org/10.24252/kesehatan.v12i2.10180
Şahin, İ. and Akın, B. (2023). Öfkeyi nasıl düzenleriz? i̇fade etme, problem çözme ve dikkat dağıtma stratejilerinin kullanımı. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 15(Supplement 1), 283-297. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1350188
Scheer, F. A. J. L., Chellappa, S. L., Hu, K., & Shea, S. A. (2019). Impact of mental stress, the circadian system and their interaction on human cardiovascular function. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 103, 125-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.016
Slavin‐Spenny, O., Lumley, M., Thakur, E., Nevedal, D., & Hijazi, A. (2013). Effects of anger awareness and expression training versus relaxation training on headaches: a randomized trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 46(2), 181-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-013-9500-z
Tiwari, A., Elgrably, B., Saar, G., & Vandoorne, K. (2022). Multi-scale imaging of vascular pathologies in cardiovascular disease. Frontiers in Medicine, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.754369
Wan, K. P. and Savina, E. (2015). Emotion regulation strategies in european american and hong kong chinese middle school children. Contemporary School Psychology, 20(2), 152-159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-015-0059-5
Wilk, J. E., Quartana, P. J., Clarke‐Walper, K., Kok, B. C., & Riviere, L. A. (2015). Aggression in us soldiers post‐deployment: associations with combat exposure and ptsd and the moderating role of trait anger. Aggressive Behavior, 41(6), 556-565. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21595
Yamaguchi, A., Kim, M. S., Akutsu, S., & Oshio, A. (2015). Effects of anger regulation and social anxiety on perceived stress. Health Psychology Open, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102915601583
Yan, Y., Zha, D., Yan, A., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Exploring the effect of individual differences on self-efficacy in getting information. Information Development, 32(4), 1097-1108. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666915588795