POTENSI UBI UNGU (IPOMOEA BATATAS VAR. AYAMURASAKI) SEBAGAI PANGAN FUNGSIONAL DALAM PENCEGAHAN DAN PENGELOLAAN PENYAKIT TIDAK MENULAR : TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS
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Abstract
Penyakit tidak menular (PTM) seperti diabetes melitus tipe 2, obesitas, hipertensi, dan dislipidemia menjadi tantangan utama kesehatan masyarakat global. Pendekatan promotif dan preventif melalui intervensi pangan fungsional berbasis sumber daya lokal menjadi alternatif yang berpotensi besar. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bukti ilmiah terkini mengenai potensi ubi ungu (Ipomoea batatas var. Ayamurasaki) sebagai pangan fungsional dalam pencegahan dan pengelolaan PTM, melalui pendekatan tinjauan literatur sistematis. Kajian dilakukan berdasarkan prinsip PRISMA terhadap 20 jurnal ilmiah yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2020 hingga 2024. Artikel dipilih melalui pencarian di database PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci relevan. Data dianalisis secara naratif berdasarkan indikator biologis utama yang terkait dengan PTM. Ubi ungu menunjukkan berbagai efek farmakologis melalui mekanisme molekuler yang melibatkan peningkatan ekspresi GLP-1, perbaikan resistensi insulin, inhibisi adipogenesis, peningkatan profil lipid, serta penurunan ekspresi sitokin proinflamasi seperti TNF-α dan IL-6. Aktivitas ini terutama dikaitkan dengan tingginya kandungan antosianin, flavonoid, serta senyawa fenolik lainnya. Ubi ungu berpotensi besar sebagai komponen pangan fungsional dalam upaya mitigasi PTM. Diperlukan integrasi hasil riset ke dalam kebijakan pangan nasional serta peningkatan diversifikasi produk olahan ubi ungu untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah komoditas lokal.
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