INTEGRASI PROJECT-BASED LEARNING DAN CHEMO-ENTREPRENEURSHIP: TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS TENTANG PENGEMBANGAN KETERAMPILAN DAN MINAT KEWIRAUSAHAAN SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA
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Abstract
Pendidikan kimia di era Revolusi Industri 4.0 dituntut untuk berada di garis depan dalam mengatasi tantangan hambatan konsep teoretis yang abstrak menuju pengembangan keterampilan abad ke-21 dan kemandirian ekonomi siswa. Salah satu inovasi signifikan untuk menggeser pemahaman kimia siswa ke arah aktivitas masyarakat yang nyata adalah dengan menggabungkan model Project-Based Learning (PjBL) dengan pendekatan Chemo-Entrepreneurship (CEP). Penelitian ini merupakan tinjauan sistematis untuk memetakan tren, karakteristik, dan dampak integrasi PjBL-CEP dalam meningkatkan keterampilan dan minat kewirausahaan siswa. Bekerja dengan kerangka kerja PRISMA, peninjauan literatur sistematis dilakukan terhadap basis data Scopus, di mana dari 5.003 rekaman awal, terpilih 19 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang ketat. Sintesis literatur menunjukkan bahwa integrasi PjBL-CEP terbukti menjadi instrumen yang sangat kuat untuk meningkatkan kreativitas, Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS), berpikir kritis, serta kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa. Melalui pembelajaran kontekstual berbasis proyek, siswa mampu menghasilkan produk kimia inovatif yang memiliki nilai pasar, seperti sabun dari minyak jelantah, lilin aromaterapi, atau produk potensi lokal lainnya. Secara simultan, motivasi, sikap, dan semangat kewirausahaan siswa juga mengalami penguatan yang signifikan. Namun demikian, hasil tinjauan mengungkapkan bahwa praktik saat ini masih sangat cenderung pada produksi bahan ajar dalam format cetak untuk berbagai topik. Berdasarkan hasil sintesis literatur, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa integrasi Project-Based Learning (PjBL) dan Chemo-Entrepreneurship (CEP) memiliki potensi yang kuat dalam meningkatkan keterampilan abad ke-21, keterampilan kewirausahaan, dan minat berwirausaha peserta didik dalam pembelajaran kimia. Temuan ini juga mengidentifikasi perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai implementasi dan efektivitas integrasi PjBL-CEP pada berbagai jenjang pendidikan, konteks pembelajaran, serta materi kimia yang beragam.
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