TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL BERBASIS STEM DALAM MENINGKATKAN LITERASI SAINS SISWA SMP: SEBUAH SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
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Abstract
Transformasi digital dalam pendidikan menjadi salah satu strategi utama untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran sains pada abad ke-21. Integrasi pendekatan Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) dengan teknologi digital diyakini mampu mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis, pemecahan masalah, kreativitas, serta literasi sains peserta didik. Meskipun demikian, implementasi pembelajaran berbasis transformasi digital dan STEM masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, khususnya pada aspek kesiapan guru, infrastruktur teknologi, dan efektivitas penerapannya dalam meningkatkan literasi sains. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tren penelitian, bentuk implementasi, efektivitas, serta tantangan penerapan transformasi digital berbasis STEM dalam meningkatkan literasi sains siswa sekolah menengah pertama melalui pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Metode penelitian mengacu pada pedoman PRISMA 2020 dengan melakukan penelusuran artikel pada basis data Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis, dan Google Scholar yang dipublikasikan selama periode 2020–2026. Berdasarkan proses identifikasi, penyaringan, uji kelayakan, dan inklusi, diperoleh 35 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria analisis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis transformasi digital yang dipadukan dengan pendekatan STEM secara konsisten memberikan dampak positif terhadap peningkatan literasi sains, kemampuan berpikir kritis, pemecahan masalah, kolaborasi, kreativitas, serta keterampilan abad ke-21 peserta didik. Media digital yang paling banyak digunakan meliputi Learning Management System (LMS), simulasi virtual, laboratorium virtual, aplikasi interaktif, multimedia pembelajaran, dan platform berbasis kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence). Namun demikian, implementasi masih menghadapi kendala berupa keterbatasan infrastruktur teknologi, rendahnya kompetensi digital pendidik, serta kesenjangan akses teknologi antarwilayah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan kebijakan transformasi digital, peningkatan kompetensi guru, serta pengembangan model pembelajaran STEM berbasis teknologi yang kontekstual dan berkelanjutan untuk mendukung peningkatan kualitas pendidikan sains di Indonesia.
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